Want to learn orienteering but don't know where to start? This step-by-step guide will teach you everything
you need to know to begin your orienteering adventure.
💡 What You'll Learn: Basic map reading, compass use, route planning, and navigation
techniques to complete your first orienteering course.
Step 1: Understand Your Map
1Get to know the orienteering map.
Orienteering maps are special topographic maps with standardized symbols:
Brown = Contour lines showing elevation
Green = Vegetation (darker = harder to pass)
White = Open runnable forest
Blue = Water features
Black = Man-made features (paths, buildings)
Step 2: Orient Your Map
2Align the map with the terrain.
Hold your map so that the features on the map match what you see around you. There are two methods:
Using a compass: Rotate the map until the north lines point to magnetic north
Using terrain: Match visible features (paths, hills) with the map
Step 3: Locate Yourself
3Find your position on the map.
Look for distinctive features around you:
Path junctions
Hills or depressions
Buildings or fences
Stream crossings
Match these to the map to pinpoint your location.
Step 4: Plan Your Route
4Choose the best path to the next control.
Consider these factors:
Distance: Shorter isn't always faster
Runnability: Avoid thick vegetation
Climb: Going around may be faster than over
Safety features: Use paths or linear features as handrails
Step 5: Navigate to Controls
5Move confidently while checking your map.
Key navigation techniques:
Thumbing: Keep your thumb on your current position
Ticking off features: Note each feature you pass
Attack point: Find a nearby obvious feature to approach the control from
Aiming off: Deliberately aim to one side of the control to know which way to turn
Step 6: Punch at Each Control
6Register your visit at each control.
When you find the orange and white control flag:
Traditional: Use the pin punch to mark your control card
Electronic: Dip your SI card or touch the unit
In our simulator: Just walk through the control!
Common Beginner Mistakes
❌ Running too fast without checking the map
❌ Not keeping the map oriented
❌ Ignoring contour lines
❌ Following other runners
❌ Getting frustrated after mistakes (everyone makes them!)
Pro Tips for Beginners
✅ Start with easy courses and progress gradually
✅ Stop and relocate if you're unsure of your position
✅ Practice map reading before you need speed
✅ Review your route after each event
✅ Use our simulator to practice navigation without pressure!
🎮 Practice Orienteering Online!
Apply these techniques in our free orienteering simulator. No equipment needed - just your navigation
skills!